Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Thyagaraja Ramayanam - Part 2/7

When the curtains went up on day two, one could easily count the heads in the auditoriu. And it was heart rendering to see this year’s Sangita Kalanidhi Sri. Trichur Ramachandran along with his wife Smt. Charumathi Ramchandran was among the audience. Understanding the meaning of the krithi and bringing out the bhava in their rendition is basic tenet for all musicians, while for listeners the reward of understanding the meaning and absorbing the bhava elevates their mind and soul. Shouldn’t every musician and student and connoisseur of music attend such performances?

Erode Sri. Balaji Bagavathar started the concert by sharing the fundamental difference between bajanai and kutchery. The former is sung in complete bakthi and seeks the feedback of almighty, while the latter seeks the feedback from rasikas. He also taught the real artha for Sangita Kalanidhi. I am using a Q&A format to break the monotony.

Where is eternal sowkhyam?

According to Thyagaraja eternal sowkhyam is in Rama bakthi. In the Kapi raga krithi, Intha Sowkhya, Thyagaraja shares his inability to express the sowkhyam and anandam from singing the qualities of Rama and asks who can explain sowkhyam and how can one explain swara raga sudha rasa? He says this sowkhyam and taste is only known to Shiva who mixes Rama namam and swarams (Chakkera mishramu jesi bhujinche).

How to worship Rama?

In the Sri raga krithi, Naama Kusuma, Thyagaraja teaches how to worship Rama. He urges the mind to worship Rama in the altar of one’s mind. He says to use Siva’s nama as flowers in the worship or Rama and turn your mind and heart into an altar and decorate it with precious jewels of nadha and swara to host Rama. He says atma puja is the highest form of worship.

Who is a true Sangita Kalanidhi?

Thyagaraja lived in abject poverty but never went around singing praise of any nara janma for his jeevanam. In the Ranjani raga krithi, Durmarga chara dhamulanu he teaches how not to make a living and admonishes those who sing in praise of humans for the sake of wealth. Thyagaraja says he cannot sing in praise of dur atma treading on the path of vice for money, fame or grains and call them his boss (dora). He equates such behavior to bartering Sarswathi.

In the Purnashadjam raga kirthi, Lavanyarama, Thyagaraja sings “Nee manasu, Nee sogasu, Nee dinusu vere”, and says the lavanyam, elegance, style is very different and that cannot sing another god leave alone humans. 

Why is Rama Brahmam more sreshtam than Lord Rama?

It is a stated gramatical rule to introduce oneself before the opera keerthanams like Prahalad Charithiram. In the opening lines, Thyagaraja introduces himself through his father Rama Brahmam. Thyagaraja says Rama brahmam gave away the house offered by the King to a stranger, while Rama only offered his rajyam to his brother Baratha not to a stranger. He shared this to showcase his lineage and pedigree. And as a kid, Thyagaraja composed the Desiya Todi raga krithi, Namo namo raghavaya anisam with 8 charanams and offers his salutations Sri Rama.

What does Rama bakthi bring upon you?

Having born in Kali yuga, singing keerthanas and namams in praise of Lord Rama will bring you both bukthi and mukthi. In the Todi raga krithi, Dasarathe, Thyagaraja explains this in detail. Hearing Thyagaraja krithis in Cleveland today is a testimony to the lines Aasatheera dhoora deshambulanu, prakasimpa jesina rasika sironmani. Yet Thyagaraja attributes this to Rama bakthi and kripa and not his proficiency.

What does hearing Rama Katha bestow upon you?

In the Madhyamavathi raga krithi, Rama Katha Sudha, Thyagaraja describes the benefits of singing and listening to the story of Sri Rama and equates it to ruling a Kingdom. In the pallavi of the krithi, he refers to Rama katha as amrutha paanam. He says Rama shines with his parivar – Bhama mani janaki sowmithree barathathula in the anu pallavi. Hearing Rama katha bestows the fruits of purshartha: courage, comfort, bliss, helps you to cross the ocean of worldly existence and destroys the effects of kali yuga.

Where does Rama parivar and Saint Thyagaraja derive their bliss from?

Apart from bakthi there is something more in Rama that attracts everyone to him including his parivara. In the Asaveri raga krithi, Lekhana Ninnu, Thyagaraja shares the details of their bliss. He says Sri Rama soundaryam attracts and comforts Seetha, Lakshmana derives comfort from your eye movement, Barathan derives comfort from watching the sundara mukham of Sri Rama, Shatrugunan derives comfort from barathan kainkaryam with the thought of Rama, while Anjaneya derives comfort from Sri Rama padhasevanam. The entire parivaram enjoys bliss by merely watching Sri Rama and Thyagaraja derives his bliss watching Sri Rama and his parivar.

What are the qualities of his Parivar?

In the Karaharapriya raga krithi, Ramanee Samanamu, Thyagaraja describes the qualities of his parivar. He starts the krithis by extolling the character of Sri Rama as the king of Ayodhya and swears none can match up to him. He says his wife Seetha is tender like the shoot of sweet marjoram and she is the parrot singing in the cage of devotion. And his brothers words drips of honey. Rama, the soft and sweet spoken (mrdu subasha) who elevated the Raghu dynasty, can anyone match up to you?

In which krithi does Thyagaraja praise the maya of Sri Krishna?

In the Chandrajyothi raga krithi, Baagayenayya, Thyagaraja says that the teachings of Sri Krishna are both magic and confusing to even Brahma. In the charanam, he says looking at Arjuna who said war is a sin and you convinced him by saying the results of sins will not touch both them. This convincing quality of Sri Krishna is a grand magic and even Brahma cannot comprehend.

Sri Balaji Bagavathar explains the context of Dasharatha wanting to have a child and how he takes the helps of Vashishta to conduct Ashvamedha yagna and Puthrakameshti yagna. And completes the evening with Sri Rama Jananam.

Happiness from birth of Rama

While the world celebrates birth of Sri Rama Thyagaraja in his Bilahari raga krithi, Inthakal Anandamemi, celebrates the birth of Rama nama and Rama keerthana and the anandam in it. Thyagaraja says Rama nama turns dwaitha bhava into advaitha bhava and unites you with paramatha. It makes one think if this was the same state of exalted anandha (bliss) Dasharatha must have experienced.
 
Please email me at kdbulls@gmail.com if you need a copy of the recording.

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